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Int.Cl.7 G08G1 127. A system for managing a plurality of vehicles. Enterprise S.a.s di C. Carnevali. Insulin levels and plasma glucose levels were comparatively low. The possibility that a decreased rate of glucose secretion by the liver may contribute to the low plasma glucose concentration cannot be excluded. The well-known decrease in circulating FFA levels following eating 35, 36 ; is likely to be due both to a diminution in aggregate lipolytic stimulus strength and to the antilipolytic action of insulin elicited by the ingestion of food. While the differ ences in plasma FFA concentration pat terns in our two groups were not impres sive, there was a tendency for a larger depression of FFA in the meal-eating group. Since lipolysis is related to cyclic AMP concentration 37 ; , it is interesting to examine our FFA data in the light of the cyclic AMP fluctuations plotted in figure 3A. We postulate that the fat cell of the meal-fed rat overresponds to both lipolytic and antilipolytic influences. In the latter case, both the intense hyperinsulinemia see below ; as well as the previously described increased insulin sensitivity of the adipocyte of meal-fed rats 13, 14 ; may contribute to the exaggerated anti lipolytic effect observed. Plasma insulin and glucagon levels. Al though plasma insulin concentrations have been measured in meal-fed rats by others 1, 36, 38 ; changes comparable to those depicted in figure 2A have been observed previously only by Fabry et al. 1 ; . Ap parently, in order to observe the peak in sulin response to a fed meal in animals adapted to a time-restricted feeding regi men, it is essential to take a sample ap proximately 1 hour after the beginning of the meal. A feature of the 24 hour insulin DISCUSSION curve that has not been stressed by other Circulating fuels. We have described a investigators is the fact mentioned above in connection with the plasma glucose clear tendency toward lower plasma glu cose levels in meal-fed rats versus controls data; i.e., from 0400 to 1600 hours there is a tendency for the meal-fed rats to show over the 24 hour feeding cycle. This find relatively low plasma insulin levels. At ing is consistent with those of other in all time points except 2000 hours, the dif vestigators who have described increased ferences are significant at least at the P glucose tolerance 1, 34 ; and enhanced insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues 0.05 level. ; 13, 14 ; in meal-fed rats. That the phe The glucagon antiserum used in these experiments Unger 30K ; is specific for nomenon may be related to the mainte pancreatic glucagon and does not crossnance of low plasma glucose levels is sug gested by the fact that from 0400 to 1600 react with enteroglucagon 24 ; , although hours see figs. 1A and 2A ; both plasma it does detect a glucagon of intestinal origin.
Visit the NCI's Web sites for comprehensive clinical trials information at : cancertrials.nci.nih.gov or for accurate cancer information including PDQ Physician Data Query ; visit : cancernet.nci.nih.gov.

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There are about 70 individual published case reports of cephalosporin-induced immune hemolytic anemia CIIHA ; , 864 but many more are contained in reviews or tables without case histories6567 see Table 3 ; . Most patients have had severe hemolytic anemia HA ; , often with intravascular lysis, and 40 percent were associated with fatal HA. It is not known if this is the tip of the iceberg and there are many more cases of milder HA or positive DATs that are not reported; the same questions apply to cephalosporin-induced thrombocytopenia. Tables 4 and 5 summarize the clinical and serologic findings associated with cefotetan- and ceftriaxone-induced immune HA. It should be emphasized that cefotetan antibodies always react with cefotetan-coated RBCs and almost always react with untreated RBCs in the presence of cefotetan "immune complex" method ; , and about one-third will react with RBCs without the presence of drug i.e., will appear to be autoantibodies ; . The latter findings can lead to problems in the blood transfusion service. If a patient receives cefotetan prophylactically for surgery, receives a blood transfusion during or after surgery, and then develops HA 7 to days afterwards, a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction is often suspected. The hematologic findings can also mimic AIHA. If the HA is due to cefotetan, the DAT will be positive although we have reported one case where the DAT was negative ; .68 Sometimes the serum will react with all untreated RBCs, mimicking an alloantibody to a high-frequency antigen, or a mixture of alloantibodies or autoantibody, and many hours may be wasted investigating these possibilities. If there is a history of cefotetan.

20. Zhao AZ, Bornfeldt KE, Beavo JA. Leptin inhibits insulin secretion by activation of phosphodiesterase 3B. J Clin Invest 1998; 102: 869 Zhao AZ, Shinohara MM, Huang D, Shimizu M, Eldar-Finkelman H, Krebs EG, Beavo JA, Bornfeldt KE. Leptin induces insulin-like signaling that antagonizes cAMP elevation by glucagon in hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 1134811354. Tsafriri A, Chun SY, Zhang R, Hsueh AJ, Conti M. Oocyte maturation involves compartmentalization and opposing changes of cAMP levels in follicular somatic and germ cells: studies using selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Dev Biol 1996; 178: 393402. Schultz RM, Montgomery RR, Belanoff JR. Regulation of mouse oocyte meiotic maturation: implication of a decrease in oocyte cAMP and protein dephosphorylation in commitment to resume meiosis. Dev Biol 1983; 97: 264273. Reddoch RB, Pelletier RM, Barbe GJ, Armstrong DT. Lack of ovarian responsiveness to gonadotropic hormones in infantile rats sterilized with busulfan. Endocrinology 1986; 119: 879886. Hunter R. Standardization of the chloramine-T method of protein iodination. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1970; 133: 989992. Swerdloff RS, Peterson M, Vera A, Batt RA, Heber D, Bray GA. The.

1. Ahrn B, "Vildagliptin: an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with antidiabetic properties", Drugs 2006 15: pp. 431442. 2. Holst JJ, "Therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on the actions of glucagon-like peptide-1", Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2002 18: pp. 430441. 3. Drucker D, "Enhancing incretin action for the treatment of type 2 diabetes", Diabetes Care 2003 26: pp. 29292940. 4. Ahrn B, Landin-Olsson M, Jansson P-A, Svensson M, Holmes D, Schweizer A, "Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 reduces glycemia, sustains insulin levels, and reduces glucagon levels in type 2 diabetes", J Clin Endocrinal Metab 2004 89: pp. 20782084. 5. Ahrn B, Schmitz O, "GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes", Horm Metab Res 2004 36: pp. 867876. 6. Deacon CF Ahrn B, Holst JJ, "Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV: a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of type , 2 diabetes", Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2004 13: pp. 10911102. 7. Holst JJ, "On the physiology of GIP and GLP-1", Horm Metab Res 2004 36: pp. 747754. 8. Holst JJ, Deacon CF, "Glucagon-like peptide-1 mediates the therapeutic actions of DPP-IV inhibitors", Diabetologia 2005 48: pp. 612615. 9. Villhauer EB, Brinkman JA, Naderi GB, et al, "1-[ 3-hydroxyy-1-adamantyl ; amino]-2-cyano- S ; -pyrrolidine: A potent, selective, and orally bioavailable dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor with antihyperglycemic properties", J Med Chem 2003 36: pp. 27742789. 81 and glucosamine.

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In this group of 26 patients a wide spectrum of extranodular autonomy was found, ranging from the classical single hot nodule with no extra-nodular tissue visible seven cases"27%of total ; , through multiple hot nodules 4 cases ; and hot nodules associated with little to considerable extranodular iodine 18 cases"69% of cases ; to generalized toxic nodular goiter Plummer's disease: one case"Fig. 6 ; . In these latter cases, the extranodular tissue was always as nonsuppressible as the hot nodule and was widely distributed throughout the gland Fig. 7 ; . In one patient the extranodular tissue was of equal avidity to the nodule for radioiodine, so that the scan suggested asymmetrical Graves' disease Fig. 5 ; . However, histopathological examination in this case revealed multiple follicular adenomata indistinguishable from other autonomous nodules in this series and different from the findings in diffuse toxic goiter, as well as suppressed tissue. In six patients of the 118 in this series a final clinical diagnosis was not reached. These patients are not included in the tables.
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Jordan University of Science and Technology - School of Medicine - IDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2006; 12 6 ; : 840-846 26 ref. ; Keywords: Acne Vulgaris-etiology; Precipitating Factors; Perception; Life Style Abstract: This study in Jordan described the pattern of acne in 166 untreated acne patients aged 13-42 years attending dermatology clinics and assessed patients' perceptions of factors that have an effect on their acne condition. Family history of acne was positive in 69.3% of acne patients. Emotional stress, hot weather and sweating were believed to be aggravating factors by acne patients of both sexes, and premenstrual factors and cosmetics were factors among women. Many acne patients believed that their acne was exacerbated by certain aspects of diet including nuts, chocolate, fatty food, fried food, eggs, cakes and biscuits, spices and coffee and tea May be important to consider when designing heterologous prime-boost immunization regimes, which often utilize plasmid DNA as the priming component reviewed in [51, 52] ; . While the mechanisms leading to enhanced levels of immunity after heterologous primeboost immunization are not entirely clear, many studies have hypothesised that boosting with the heterologous vector expands the initial CD8 + population induced by the priming DNA immunization [5254]. Therefore, sufficient time must be allowed for the DNA-induced T cells to reach maturity. Indeed, this was demonstrated for induction of antibody immunity [55]. Both for the DLN and NDLN and spleen, there was a direct correlation between the MVA.HIVA-NP vaccine dose and detected F5 cell divisions, which was also reflected in the overall frequencies of F5 cells that had divided seven and more times by day 7. At the same time, even the highest MVA.HIVA-NP dose did not stimulate all F5 cells to proliferate. While similar observations were made using 5 105 PFU of replication-competent Western Reserve strain of vaccinia virus Denise Teoh, A.J M and T.H., unpublished data ; , this contrasts infection with influenza virus, where most if not all epitope-specific cells underwent proliferation [36, 43]. Understanding the basis for this potent stimulus delivered by the influenza virus infection could significantly improve vaccine formulations. Even for the faster T cell inducer MVA.HIVA-NP, there appeared to be a 48-h delay before the F5 cell proliferation was detected in the DLN. Following i.d. inoculation of recombinant DNA and MVA, the immunogen can be produced by both transfected keratinocytes and Langerhans cells [56], but in both scenarios bone marrow-derived cells have to migrate from the skin to the local DLN to initiate the immune response [5759]. This must have contributed to the 2-day delay in F5 cell cycling after MVA immunization and for DNA this delay might be even longer Fig. 4A and [50] ; , possibly due to lower levels of immunogen expression and goldenseal.

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Unfortunately around 35% of patients have no symptoms at all. The mortality varies from less than 10% when it is a saprophytic sinus infection to greater than 90% in the severely immunocompromised. Response rates to treatment are poor such that even those that survive 2 weeks only have a 55% response rate. Diagnosis can be made by bronchoscopy and BAL. Haematogenous dissemination with arterial infarction occurs, and diagnosis is often made on biopsy of such lesions. Isolation of aspergillus from sputum frequently represents colonisation rather than infection, but this finding should be taken seriously. Colony counts may help to distinguish the two and discussion with microbiology is recommended. If treatment is indicated give oral itraconazole. The initial dose may be 200 mg day increased to 200 mg x 2 day for invasive disease. IV amphotericin appears not to be very successful. Some drugs require prior authorization, which means the drugs must be approved before they're covered. For example, if a HMO POS physician writes a prescription for one of these drugs, he or she will need to complete and fax a "Prior Authorization Drug Request" form to us. If the drug meets our established clinical criteria for approval, it'll be covered at the highest member copay applicable to your benefit plan. However, if the request isn't approved, you'll have to pay the entire cost of the prescription and gramicidin.

Republican Party cont. Lakeville meeting called, 10 29 1859: Hold Councillor District 8 convention, 10 29 1859: Middleboro meeting called, 10 29 1859: Lewis Holmes to represent Republicans from District 10, 11 05 Meeting called, 11 05 1859: Caucus for town officers, 03 1860: Caucus to call meeting for ratifying nominations, 03 17 1860: District convention scheduled, 03 31 1860: Second Congressional District convention held here e ; Pratt ; , 04 14 1860: Meeting called to ratify Lincoln nomination, 05 26 1860: Report from ratification meeting, 06 02 1860: Ratification meeting called ad ; , 06 02 1860: Ratification meeting to feature interesting speakers, 06 09 1860: Overview of ratification meeting, 06 16 1860: Thank Thatcher for excellent concert, 06 23 1860: Bristol county newspapers advocate Buffinton re-election e ; Pratt ; , 08 04 1860: Editor Pratt comments on New Bedford newspaper's view on Buffinton re-election e ; , 08 11 1860: New Bedford Standard responds to Pratt's comments on Buffinton e ; , 08 18 1860: Caucus scheduled to select delegates to state convention, 08 18 1860: Editor Pratt responds to Fall River Monitor regarding Buffinton reelection e ; , 08 25 1860: Name delegates to state convention, 08 25 1860: The Monitor asks Gazette to suggest better man than Buffinton e ; Pratt ; , 09 01 1860: Buffinton's Congressional record "blank" e ; Pratt ; , 09 01 1860: Editor Pratt represents Lakeville at State Republican Convention e ; , 09 01 1860: Correspondent Fobes writes in favor of Buffinton l ; , 09 08 1860: More discussion of Buffinton e ; Pratt ; , 09 08 1860: Editor Pratt to wave flag of truce at Republican rally e ; , 09 15 1860: Train fares reduced for rally in Myrick, 09 15 1860: Who shall be the Congressional nominee for District No. 2? e ; Pratt ; , 09 22 1860: Five hundred from Middleboro attend Myrick rally e ; Pratt ; , 09 22 1860: Caucus to select delegates to Congressional District convention, 09 22 1860: Second Congressional District convention to be held here, 09 29 1860: Causes of the controversy in 2nd Congressional District e ; Pratt ; , 09 29 1860: Delegates chosen for district convention, 09 29 1860: E.B. Washburn comments on articles about Buffinton l ; , 09 29 1860: Congressional Representative comments on Buffinton l ; , 09 29 1860: Hold 2nd Congressional District convention here, 10 06 1860: Thomas Weston Jr. and Richard Peirce to give addresses in Lakeville, 10 27 1860: To select candidate for Representative to General Court, 10 27 1860: Caucus elects candidate for Representative to General Court, 11 03 1860: Caucus to choose delegates to convention, 09 21 1861: South Plymouth Senatorial Convention e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 10 26 1861: County convention held in Bridgewater, 11 02 1861: Meeting set in Middleboro, 11 02 1861: Middleboro meeting called, 09 06 1862: B.W. Harris suggested as candidate for Representative to Congress e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 10 04 1862: Local meeting called, 10 04 1862: South Plymouth Senatorial convention to meet here, 10 04 1862: Delegates to convention at Barnstable elected, 10 11 1862: Holds South Plymouth Senatorial convention at Soule's Hall, 10 18 1862: Nominations listed for upcoming election, 10 25 1862: Proceedings of county convention, 10 25 1862: J.E. Crane accepts nomination of convention l ; , 10 25 1862: Caucus scheduled, 11 01 1862: State convention a large, enthusiastic gathering e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 09 26 1863: County convention set in Bridgewater, 10 1863: South Plymouth Senatorial Convention e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 10 17 1863: County committee named, 10 17 1863: Caucus scheduled, 10 31 1863: District caucus scheduled, 10 31 1863: Delegates to district convention named, 05 21 1864: Meeting called to choose delegates to state convention, 09 10 1864: Meeting called to organized campaign, 09 17 1864: Delegates to state convention named, 09 17 1864: Meeting gets campaign organized, 09 24 1864: Mustering forces in Middleboro, 10 01 1864: Union Club officers named, 10 01 1864: County convention delegate requirements, 10 08 1864: Union rally held, 10 08 1864: Hold another rally, 10 22 1864: Hold largest meeting yet, 10 29 1864: Sidney Dean to address Middleboro Union Club, 10 29 1864: Politic meeting held, 11 05 1864: J.C. Parks to speak, 11 05 1864: Caucus called to nominate candidate for district court, 11 05 1864: Results of caucus, 11 12 1864: Junior Lincoln Club holds torch-light display, 11 12 1864: Caucus scheduled, 03 04 1865: Caucus called in Middleboro, 09 1865: State convention proceedings e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 09 16 1865: Lakeville holds caucus, 09 16 1865: Middleboro chooses delegates to state convention, 09 16 1865: Editor reviews upcoming district meetings e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 09 30 1865: Caucus called, 10 07 1865: Proceedings of county convention e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 10 14 1865: Proceedings of South Plymouth Senatorial District Convention e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 10 14 1865: Proceedings of 8th Councillor Convention, 10 21 1865: Caucus scheduled, 11 04 1865: The two conventions e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 08 04 1866: Caucus called, 08 04 1866: Meeting scheduled, 08 31 1867: Republican State Convention e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 09 14 1867: First senatorial district to choose delegates, 09 14 1867: Caucus scheduled for American Hall, 10 05 1867: Senatorial convention scheduled here, 10 05 1867: First Plymouth Senatorial Convention e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 10 12 1867: Request delegates for Councillor Convention, 10 19 1867: Councillor caucus set, 10 19 1867: Proceedings of caucus, 11 02 1867: Meeting called, 11 02 1867: First district to hold convention in Middleboro, 04 11 1868: First Congressional District convention to meet at town hall e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 04 18 1868: Proceedings of convention e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 04 25 1868: T.M.N. writes of convention in Chicago l ; , 06 1868: Grant and Colfax club forms here e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 08 15 1868: Grant and Colfax club raises flag, 08 22 1868: Grant and Colfax club add words to flag, 09 05 1868: Delegates chosen at caucus, 09 05 1868: Rally at American Hall ad ; , 09 05 1868: State convention e ; S.B. Pratt ; , 09 12 1868: Lakeville to organize Grant Club, 09 19 1868: Flag improved with addition of strip, 09 19 1868: Lakeville citizens hold meeting, Albert Mason gives address, 10 03 1868: First Senatorial District convention to be held here, 10 1868: Judge Russell Thomas to address citizens, 10 1868: Delegates to caucuses named, 10 1868: Grant and Colfax Club holds enthusiastic meeting, 10 17 1868: Local men needed for Boston rally, 10 24 1868.

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Rahnema, Ali and Farhad Nomani. The Secular Miracle: Religion, Politics and Economic Policy in Iran. London: Zed Books, 1990. 376p. DS 318.825 R34 1990 Ramazani, R.K. "The Arab-Iranian Conflict: The Ideological Dimensions." In International Security in Southwest Asia, Hafeez Malik, ed. New York: Praeger, 1984. UA 830 I58 1984 Reeves, Minou. Female Warriors of Allah: Women and the Islamic Revolution. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1989. 218p. HQ 1735.2 R44 1989 Rose, Gregory. "Velayat-e Faqih and the Recovery of Islamic Identity in the Thought of Ayatollah Khomeini." In Religion and Politics in Iran: Shi'ism from Quietism to Revolution, Nikki Keddie, ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983. 258p. BP 192.7 I68 R44 1983 Sachedina, Abdulaziz. "Ali Shariati: Ideologue of the Iranian Revolution." In Voices of Resurgent Islam, John L. Esposito, ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. BP 60 E86 1983 Seifzadeh, Hossein. "Revolution, Ideology and the War." In Iranian Perspectives on the Iran-Iraq War, Farhang Rajaee, ed. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1997. DS 318.85 I725 1997 Seliktar, Ofira. Failing the Crystal Ball Test: The Carter Administration and the Fundamentalist Revolution in Iran. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2000. 245p. JZ 1480 A57 I7 2000 Shahrough, Akhavi. "Shi'ism, Corporatism and Rentierism in the Iranian Revolution." In Comparing Muslim Societies: Knowledge and the State in a World Civilization, Juan Cole, ed. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992. DS 35.62 C66 1992 Shari'ati, Ali. Man and Islam. Translated by Fatollah Marjani. Houston: Free Islamic Literature, 1981. 128p. BP 163 S514 1981 Marxism and Other Western Fallacies: An Islamic Critique. Translated by R. Campbell. Berkeley: Mizan Press, 1980. 122p. BP 163 S516 On the Sociology of Islam. Translated by Hamid Algar. Berkeley: Mizan Press, 1979. 125p. BP 173.25 S52 Tabari, Azar and Nahid Yeganeh, eds. In the Shadow of Islam: The Women's Movement in Iran. London: Zed Press, 1982. 239p. HQ 1735.2 I5 1982 [Includes interviews and statements by political and religious leaders] Watt, W. Montgomery. Islamic Fundamentalism and Modernity. London: Routledge, 1988. 158p. BP 60 W37 1988 [Chapter 6: The Iranian Experience] Zahedi, Dariush. The Iranian Revolution Then and Now: Indicators of Regime Instability. Boulder: Westview Press, 2000. 224p. DS 318.825 Z34 2000 Zonis, Marvin and Daniel Brumberg. "Shi'ism as Interpreted by Khomeini: An Ideology of Revolutionary Violence." In Shi'ism, Resistance and Revolution, Martin Kramer, ed. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987. BP 193.5 S55 1987 and granisetron. FIG. 5. Effects of glucagon on the 1% content of intermediates in livers perfused with [U-CY]glutamate in the presence of inhibitors plotted as percentages of values without glucagon. The experimental conditions were the same as in Fig. 2. Glucagon 5 X 1O-g M ; and [U-%]glutamate 4.37 X IO6 cpm ; were infused for 2; s min. OL KG, a-Ketoglutarate; SUCC, succinate; Fum, fumarate; Mal, malate; Asp, separate; Cit, citrate; OAA, oxalacetate; PEP, P-pyruvate.

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The 2005 award recognizes and honors the work of the United Christian Parish of Reston in response to the plight of the thousands of impoverished children in Rwanda who were made orphans by the 1994 genocide and AIDS epidemic. A team from the UCP, led by Yvonne Kauffman is helping to rebuild the country by building schools, feeding the children, and paying for their education, among other activities. The Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Birthday Celebration Day Planning Committee honors the United Christian Parish of Reston, for its work in improving educational conditions in Rwanda and grepafloxacin. Was analyzed using the stain DiOC6 Eugene, The Netherlands ; as previously described 39 ; . Briefly, cells were pre-cultured in a 24-well plate at a concentration of 0.5x106 cells well. Subsequently, cells were treated for 16 h with the various experimental conditions, after which cells were harvested and incubated for 20 minutes with DiOC6 0, 1 M ; at 37C, harvested 1000g, 5 min. ; , resuspended in PBS, and assessed for DiOC6 staining using flow cytometry and glucagon. LePage, B.A. & J.F. Basinger. 1991b. Early Tertiary Larix from the Buchanan Lake Formation, Canadian Arctic, and a consideration of the phytogeography of the genus. Geol. Surv. Can., Bull. 403: 6782. LePage, B.A. & J.F. Basinger. 1995. The evolutionary history of the genus Larix Pinaceae ; . U.S. Dept. Agr., Forest Serv., Tech. Bull. GTR-INT-319: 1929. Matthews Jr., J.V., R. J. Mott & J.-S. Vincent. 1986. Preglacial and interglacial environments of Banks Island: pollen and macrofossils from Duck Hawk Bluffs and related sites. Gog. Phys. Quat. 40: 279298. McIntyre, D. J. 1991. Pollen and spore flora of an Eocene High Arctic forest, eastern Axel Heiberg Island, N.W.T. Geol. Surv. Can., Bull. 403: 8397. Miller Jr., C.N. & L. Ping. 1994. Structurally preserved larch and spruce cones from the Pliocene of Alaska. Quat. Int. 22 23: 207214. Noshiro, S. & T. Fujii. 1994. Fusiform parenchyma cells in the young wood of Pinaceae and their distinction from marginal parenchyma. IAWA J. 15: 399 406. Panshin, A.J. & C. de Zeeuw. 1980. Textbook of wood technology, 4th Ed. McGraw Hill, New York. 722 pp. Penhallow, D.P. 1892. A new species of Larix from the interglacial of Manitoba. Amer. Geol. 9: 368371. Phillips, E.W. J. 1948. Identification of softwoods by their microscopic structure. For. Prod. Res. Bull. 22: 156. Ricketts, B.D. 1986. New formations in the Eureka Sound Group, Canadian Arctic Islands. Geol. Surv. Can., Pap. 86-1B: 363374. Ricketts, B.D. 1987. Princess Margaret Arch: a re-evaluation of an element of the Eurekan Orogen, Axel Heiberg Island, Arctic Archipelago. Can. J. Earth Sci. 24: 24992505. Ricketts, B.D. 1991. The influence of sedimentation and Eurekan tectonism on the fossil forest succession, eastern Axel Heiberg Island. Geol. Surv. Can., Bull. 403: 127. Ricketts, B.D. 1994. Basin analysis, Eureka Sound Group, Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere islands, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Geol. Surv. Can., Mem. 439: 1119. Ricketts, B.D. & D. J. McIntyre. 1986. The Eureka Sound Group of eastern Axel Heiberg Island: new data on the Eurekan Orogeny. Geol. Surv. Can., Pap. 86-1B: 405 410. Roy, S.K. & L.V. Hills. 1972. Fossil woods from the Beaufort Formation Tertiary ; , northwestern Banks Island, Canada. Can. J. Bot. 50: 26372648. Schorn, H.E. 1994. A preliminary discussion of fossil larches Larix, Pinaceae ; from the Arctic. Quat. Int. 22 23: 173183. Schrter, C. 1880. Untersuchung ber Fossile Hlzer aus der arctischen Zone. Flora Fossilis Arctica 6: 138. Sudo, S. 1968. Anatomical studies on the wood of species of Picea with some considerations on their geographical distribution and taxonomy. Bull. Gov. For. Exp. Sta. No. 215, Tokyo. Wheeler, E.A. & C.G Arnette Jr. 1994. Identification of Neogene woods from Alaska-Yukon. Quat. Int. 22 23: 91102 and guaifenesin.

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Structure Solution--Human UMP CMP kinase crystallized in the hexagonal space group P6522 with a single molecule in the asymmetric unit. Crystals were grown in the presence of substrate or the bisubstrate inhibitor UP5A. Therefore, we expected that the structural model of the closed conformation of the D. discoideum enzyme complexed with UP5A 7 ; would be appropriate for molecular replacement. Using Molrep 20 ; we obtained a solution, but the crystallographic R factor was unexpectedly high 56% ; . This was consistent with poor electron density for considerable sections of the model. Nevertheless, because of the rather high resolution limit of the data, we decided to attempt automatic model building using the warpNtrace mode of Arp 21 ; . This worked astonishingly well yielding a model missing only 12 of the 196 amino acids with a low crystallographic R factor. Upon inspection of the model built by Arp, we were much surprised to observe a very different conformation of the enzyme compared with our search model. The Arp model revealed UMP CMP kinase in an open conformation Fig. 1 ; . No electron density for the substrates could be observed. A strong peak of electron density close to the P-loop was interpreted as a sulfate ion; this is analogous to the sulfate ion observed in the apoadenylate kinase structure 22 ; . Quality of the Structure--Cycles of manual rebuilding reiterated with refinement using Refmac 23 ; and addition of water molecules using Arp resulted in the final model with an Rwork value of 22% and an Rfree value of 27%. In addition to 111 water molecules, all but the two most N-terminal residues, for which no electron density was observed, were modeled. A single sulfate ion is modeled bound to the P-loop main chain nitrogen atoms. All main chain dihedral angles are found in the allowed regions of the Ramachandran plot; the average B factor is 44 2. The residues in the LID domain forming a loop connecting the two helices of this region have high temperature factors and poor side chain electron density. This is not surprising because of the lack of substrates in this structure. A summary of model statistics is given in Table I.
Pharmacologic aids have been used before and during gastrointestinal studies, especially barium enemas, to decrease spasm and minimize discomfort. Glucagon is the most frequently used agent in the United States [1 ]. However, glucagon is expensive, and its parentenal route of administration is inconvenient and potentially upsetting to the patient. The risks of untoward reactions as well as its lack of usefulness have been acknowledged [2-5]. Therefore, we performed a prospective study to evaluate an inexpensive oral antispasmodic for use during barium enema. We compared it with glucagon, and both agents were compared with the use of no medication and guanethidine.
Animals were fasted overnight 16 18 h ; before preparation for pancreatic perfusion. Isolated-perfused pancreas model. The surgical and perfusion procedures used were described by Loubatieres et al. 10 ; . Briefly, the pancreases were isolated and perfused at 37C through the arterial system. The perfusion medium was Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate KRB ; containing 2 g l BSA and various concentrations of glucose and test agents. Perfusate, adjusted to 2.5 ml min, was bubbled with 95% O2 5% CO2 to maintain pH 7.4 and warmed at 37oC. Total perfusion time, including a 45-min equilibration period, did not exceed 120 min. To test the effect of miniglucagon on stimulated insulin secretion, 8.3 mmol l glucose was perfused during the experiments, including a 45-min equilibration period, followed by miniglucagon perfused with or without 1 nmol l tGLP-1. To study the glucagon and miniglucagon secretion, the glucose concentration was switched from 11 to 3 mmol l after a 45-min stabilization period, and the peptides secreted were measured by radioimmunoassay. Radioimmunoassays. Insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay as previously described 11 ; . Glucagon was measured using an antibody directed toward the centro N-terminal moiety of the molecule and 125I-glucagon as the tracer. Miniglucagon was measured as previously described 4, 12 ; using a rabbit antiminiglucagon antiserum 12 ; that specifically recognizes the NH2-terminal epitope present in miniglucagon and masked in glucagon, the mother molecule 4, 12 ; . A very low cross-reactivity 0.02% ; exists with glucagon 4, 12 ; in the miniglucagon assay. This NH2-terminal antiserum was anticipated to suppress the biological effectiveness of the peptide because the integrity of the NH2-terminal moiety of miniglucagon is a prerequisite for its biological activity S.D., G.F., A.-D.L., L.L., R.G., G.R., M.D., L.B., D.L., D.B., unpublished observations ; . High-performance liquid chromatography HPLC ; separation of the peptides was performed as previously described 6 ; on rat pancreas extracts obtained by the heat-coagulation acid extraction method 13 ; . Isolation of islets. Islets were isolated from adult male Wistar rats using collagenase digestion and collected after centrifugation on a Ficoll density gradient as previously described 14 ; . For electron microscopy studies, islets were incubated for 1 h at 37C in KRB, pH 7.4, containing 1 g l BSA and 2.8 mmol l glucose. For immunofluorescence experiments, islets were cultured in RPMI-1640 containing 5.6 mmol l glucose, 10% FCS, 100 units ml penicillin, 100 g ml streptomycin, and 2 mmol l glutamine for 24 h. Immunofluorescence. Dissociated islets with 0.025% trypsin 0.01% EDTA were seeded on a poly-L-lysine coated Sigma-Aldrich Saint Quentin Fallavier, France ; Lab-Tek Chamber Slide System. After a 7-day culture period, they were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline PBS ; for 20 min and permeabilized by a 5-min incubation in 0.1% Triton X-100. After saturating with a 2% BSA solution for 20 min, cells were incubated overnight with sheep or goat anti glucagon antibodies directed against the centro NH2terminal glucagon epitope dilution 1: 200; Biogenesis, Poole, England ; and a rabbit NH2-terminal anti-miniglucagon antibody dilution 1: 100 ; . After washing, a fluorescein isothiocyanate FITC ; -conjugated anti-sheep or -goat antibody diluted 1: 100; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA ; and a Texas Red conjugated anti-rabbit antibody diluted 1: 100, Vector Laboratories ; were separately applied to the cells for 1 h. Cells were finally mounted in Citifluor Citifluor LTD, London ; and observed with a Zeiss Oberkocher, Germany ; dual photon confocal microscope. For insulin staining, cells were incubated with guinea pig antiinsulin antibody dilution 1: 600; ICN, Costa Mesa, CA ; and a FITC-conjugated antibody diluted 1: 100; Vector Laboratories ; . Electron microscopy. Isolated islets were fixed with 2.5% paraformaldehyde 0.1% glutaraldehyde in 100 mmol l phosphate buffer pH 7 ; for 1 h at room temperature. The islets were washed in 50 mmol l NH4Cl-PBS, postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide for 2 min, dehydrated in an ascending series of ethanol, and embedded in LR White Electron Microscopy Sciences, Fort Washington, PA ; . Ultrathin 60-nm ; sections were cut using a Reichert ultramicrotome Ultracut S, Vienna ; , deposited on gold grids, washed with 10% FCS in PBS, and incubated overnight at 4C with the rabbit antiminiglucagon antibody diluted 1: 100 ; or with a rabbit anti glucagon antibody directed against the centro NH2-terminal region of glucagon diluted 1: 100 ; in the same buffer. After washing, an anti-rabbit antibody labeled with 10-nm gold particles diluted 1: 25; British Biocell, Cardiff, UK ; was applied to the sections for 1 h at room temperature. Rinsed sections were stained with 2% uranyl acetate for 20 min and observed with a transmission electron microscope Hitachi H-7100; Hitachi, Dusseldorf, Germany ; . The specificity of the immune reac tion, for both immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, was tested by incubating the sections with only the secondary antibody or by saturating the primary antibodies with synthetic miniglucagon 100 g ; or glucagon 100 g ; before incubation of the cells or the sections. DIABETES, VOL. 51, FEBRUARY 2002 and glucosamine.

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